The Edisto Beach Causeway

     At Edisto, a person has the time to ponder those things which would never be considered in the workday world in the Upcountry.
     One such topic is the question, "How does one identify something as an island?"
     The answer itself lies within a question ,  "What is the state of the tide?"
     Years ago Edisto Beach (formerly McConkeys) was surrounded by Scott Creek, and thus was an island depending on the tide and your definition of a tidal creek. In any event, crossing Scott Creek required building a small wooden bridge in order to cross from Edisto Island itself to Edisto Beach (island). Its all very confusing for me in this advanced state of relaxation and seafood delirium.
     Scott Creek began at Jeremy Inlet  on the Atlantic Ocean and supplied a salt water flow through a tidal marsh,

Jeremy Cay Marsh

Jeremy Cay Marsh

 returning  to the South Edisto River at Big Bay Creek and back to the Atlantic again.
     Early in the 1940 s , someone had the idea that pavement was cheaper than bridge maintenance and the decision to build a causeway was made.

 No one consulted the crabs, herons or Spartina grass regarding cutting off the flow of Scott Creek. After all they probably would have supported it anyway. However, romantics as myself , never had a chance to comment on the fact that Edisto Beach (the island) would become simply a land mass connected to a larger piece of land.
     Now that the Beach is no longer an island, the Jeremy Cay side marsh is ocean fed through Jeremy Inlet and the western side or Big Bay Creek Marsh is supplied by the brackish Ace Basin.

Big Bay Creek Marsh

Big Bay Creek Marsh

 These two marshes do have some differences in the grasses that populate them and in the percentages of male blue crabs that live there. This may have some significance to the female blue crabs but I suspect that not having studied statistics they really don't care.

The Goose Creek- Edisto Tunnels

     In a rambling recently, I came across a phrase , "the Goose Creek-Edisto tunnels" and was filled with amazement that any one could have considered a car tunnel from Goose Creek South Carolina to Edisto Island South Carolina. A tunnel in the "low country" , a country filled with marshes and low lands. This just could not be.
     This "rabbit trail" just had to be followed.

     As it turns out, the story begins with the 1670 founding of Charleston and the need for shallow wells and rainwater cisterns to provide water for the inhabitants. The mineral rich ground water was preferred for household requirements while the more pleasant tasting rainwater was chosen for drinking.

     In 1823, following techniques developed in London, the first auger drilled artesian well was commissioned and completed in 1825 at 1260 foot depth, yet producing poor results.

     An artesian well uses the downward pressure of the weight of earth above an aquifer to create a pressure that lifts water to the surface. There are six main aquifers below ground in South Carolina. These are the Cape Fear, the Middendorf, the Black Creek, the Tertiary Sand, the Floridian and the Shallow Aquifer Systems.

     In 1879 Charleston successfully drilled a 1970 foot deep well producing tremendously and meeting the needs of the population with additional wells until 1902 when more water was needed to support the city.

     In 1904 an additional source, the Goose Creek reservoir was completed and provided additional "surface water" to support the growing demand.

     Leveraging the knowledge of  below ground conditions gleaned from the mining of hardened phosphate deposits in the late 1800s (see Blog item  Phosphate Mining  ), it was decided in 1937 to drill a tunnel, a water tunnel, as a conduit for water from the Edisto River, 23 miles away, down to Charleston.

                                                      

                                                                    Creating the Tunnel                                                     

                                                          Inlet to The Edisto Water Tunnel 

 In this way the tunnel would serve to provide "gravity fed" surface water to the city. This tunnel was dug by hand and had required 9 years to complete.

     In modern terminology, the loss of pressure in an aquifer is measured and referred to as "cones of depression". This is caused by the usage demands of artesian wells which drain the aquifer in an outreaching fashion. As aquifer water production declined and city usage increased in the early 1950s the Brushy Creek reservoir was constructed and later connected to the Goose Creek system by another seven miles of tunnel.

     "Car  tunnels" what was I thinking? Well I think I've cleared it up for myself.... now on to the next thing that may confuse me.

   

Sea Island Plantatation Owners ... Read the American Agricultural Magazine

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Sea Island Plantation Owners    .....Read the American Agricultural Magazine

    Scientific land management is not term that lands easily on the ear when hearing about plantation life in the early 1800s.

     Contrary to many preconceptions, the sea island plantation owners had much more to do than sit on the porch and sip some form of " southern comfort".
    These owners needed to manage the condition of the land as well as the sale of crops produced on their 300-400 acre plantations.

    Plantation crop selection needed to accomplish the replenishment of the land, provide an inflow of cash and provide food for the table. This was not a simple task.

    Typically, Sea Island Cotton, the cash crop needed to be the primary crop to provide a source of cash. If needed, this cash could be used to buy food stuffs in case the "provisioning"  food crops suffered a poor yield.

    Commercial fertilizers were not generally used during these years and the owner would replenish the soil chemistry by rotating crops, laying acreage aside and by having mud and salt marsh grass tilled into the soil in the off season. Another innovative solution was to place movable cow pens in a field where straw, mud and the tendency of cattle to add fertilizer could be turned into the soil as the cattle move about.

    The owner kept at least two sets of books. One book was to keep track of the crop productivity, fertilizer applications, crop rotation and amounts of acreage planted with each crop. He also kept track of the temperatures, rain amounts, late and early frosts and the proper sequence of planting times for each crop.

    A second book was maintained to account for the transactions that were occurring with the owner's "factor". The "factor" was a representative for the owner typically in Charleston or Savannah. The factor charged a commission ( about 2 1/2% ) for selling the cotton. The factor would also charge for storage, shipment costs and interest and any credit operation that might occur in a lean year. This relationship was interesting in that the plantation owner was always of the opinion that the factor charged too much and the factor was always suspicious of the owner's management skills and crop quality.

    The owner paid great attention to the quality of seed being used, and constantly selected the best of his seed for next years crop.

    In addition to conversations with other owners to learn of any new ideas, there were trips to other areas to seek out new practices.

    After all this work was done the plantation owner could then sit on his porch, read his subscription to the "American Agriculturist" and sip on a beverage of choice.

Ref: A Social History of the Sea Islands

       By Guion Griffis Johnson
       UNC Press. 1930

At This Spot- The Old Post Office at Store Creek

     SC highway 174 is a two lane passageway through moss covered Live Oaks standing aside Palmetto trees and Edisto Island history as well. In the early days it served as a sandy pathway for those afoot as well as animal drawn wagons.
    
     Even before the early roads were developed, the low country rivers and tidal creeks served as a means of cargo and human transport. At the spot in 1825,
where one of the larger tidal creeks was crossed by this central roadway an early home and store was constructed which subsequently gave name to the waterway as "Store Creek" and the store, "Holmes' " store.

      Before the Civil War, slaves of some of the "good " plantation owners were allowed to grow gardens to provide for themselves, after plantation work was done. What they produced surplus to their needs could be sold for cash at a little market the plantation owners permitted near the intersection of the main road (now highway 174) and Store Creek.
     They sold corn, peas, beans potatoes, rice, okra and pumpkins but were forbidden to sell the long staple Sea Island Cotton since this was a highly profitable crop kept for the plantation owners.
     After the war during "Reconstruction" they were allowed to sell Sea Island Cotton at the market.

      A sawmill operator named Ackerman of Cottageville fabricated rafts and loaded them with lumber, then floated them down the waterways to the head of "Store Creek " where they were offloaded and then disassembled  to be sold to those building houses in the area. Nearby, a cotton gin was constructed and something of a 19th century business district began to flourish.
    
     Eventually a man named Stevens re-opened the store in 1881 and he and his two sons moved a house from Eddingsville with his sons taking over the cotton gin business.

     In the early 1900s  a Bailey married a Stevens and moved in the house and store became known as "Bailey's Store". Thereafter a small one room post office was opened, laying the groundwork for the naming of a restaurant in the distant future. Today a seasonal restaurant called "The Old Post Office Restaurant" is operated for the beach tourists to the island.

     My family has visited the gift shop there and when you walk down to the little Store Creek bridge  and look back, one can't help but consider all the changes that must have happened there yet it would seem to be unchanged somehow.

Reference:
1.  And I'm Glad ... An Oral History of Edisto Island 
     by Nick Lindsay and Julia Cart
2. Edisto Island  1861-2006  Ruin ,Recovery and Rebirth
     by Charles Sagett Spencer

The Low Country Phosphate Mines, rough crowd, rough work

     Many times, as I have traveled I-26 into Charleston SC, I would pass the sign " Ashley Phosphate Road" an give maybe 2 seconds thought to wondering what that was all about. Through no intent of my own I finally stumbled into the answer and hope my blog to follow may save my reader the burden of a life of wondering about this important issue.

     In 1867, with the discovery of phosphate deposits in the Edisto Marl, the state of South Carolina began to issue licenses to mining companies to extract the phosphate rock formations located beneath the flat overburden near the sea island rivers in the Edisto area.
     The state required a dollar per ton royalty for river mining and no royalty for land mining.
     This material was highly prized for fertilizer with crops in different regions of the country. Cotton in the south, fruits and vegtables in the east and grain crops in the west all benefitted from its use.
     Mining was economical to 10' of depth and this resource was critical to the areas recovery after the Civil War.
     There were at least 36 companies involved in mining in the low country, with 5 companies in the sea island area providing "convenient" work to those living on Edisto Island.  Convenient meaning using the Steamboat Landing, with a Monday Friday trip on the "Mary Draper" and camping out at the mines.

Five of the closest mines were:

     Bradleys Phosphate Mine  on Rantowles Creek
     St. Andrews Mining Company on Stono River
     Bolton Phosphate Mine on Stono Creek
     Pon Pon Phosphate Mine on the Pon Pon River
     Linstedt Mine on Rantowles Creek

     The mines attracted rough men to do the rough work. There were Irish, German, former slaves now freed, contracted convicts from the state penal system and gamblers attempting to harvest money from the work of the miners.

     These men worked in pairs in 6' x 12' pits, loading small guage rail cars with busted rock. They produced 200,000- 500,000 tons of phosphate a year in the 1880s. Two thirds of which was exported to Europe.

The work was hard, the times were hard but the pay was the best around; they did what they had to do.

Rural Train Passengers Should Be Reasonable

     Adams Run, South Carolina is not one off the major cities of the United States today and I suspect that in 1898 it was smaller, if that is possible.
     Yonges Island, South Carolina is about 15 road miles or 8 pelican miles from Adams Run, should such a creature choose to dine on pine forest beetles as opposed to low country sea food.
     Nevertheless, it appears that on or about March 6th, Mr. S.E. Barnwell was inconvenienced by the late or non arrival of a train from Yonges Island, operating on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad line.
     His complaint to the Office of the Railroad Commission of South Carolina offered the opinion that the "Railroad" didn't even pretend to keep to the schedule of service to the local stops on the line and further, that the poor people of the rural south were being neglected to the needs of the rich people of the north.
     The usual exchange of  "copy to" and "forwards"  occurred with a response finally coming from Mr. G. S. Gadsden, superintendent of the railroad.
     Gadsden forwarded a lengthy list and schedule of all "through" and "local" trains. He pointed out that there were 4 local service trains on the Charleston to Savannah run and 4 through service trains. He also listed in specific, train # 20 leaving Yonges Island at 8:36 AM arriving at Charleston at 10:38 AM (2 hours) and a return leaving at 3:55 PM and arriving back on the island at 4:20 PM (25 minutes).
     The letter then continued to to explain the effect that the hard winter and poor economy had had on railroad operations and schedules and yet how busy the through trains had been. He finished with a statement that the rural people should be reasonably satisfied with the service they were getting.
     I'm sure Dale Carnegie would have loved to have conducted a seminar in Charleston if he could have caught a train in time.
   

The Goose Creek Men

The Goose Creek Men
     The “Goose Creek Men” were English planters, some who came to S.C. from Barbados early in colonial times (1670-1690) . These colonists settled a few miles west of Charleston near a stream called Goose Creek.
    
     They soon became wealthy through the Indian trade, since a major Indian trade path ran nearby.The colonists were active in the deerskin trade and also traded guns, ammunition, cloth, rum, and other goods for furs. They traded with a number of Indian tribes as the Catawbas, Coosas, Westos, and Yamasees in the lowcountry and the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws farther in the backcountry.
    
     They later became involved in the conduct of  illegal trade in Indian slaves slaves and with pirates. This trade was met with the disapproval of the Lord's Proprietors who wanted an upright and Christian colony paying honest returns to them.
    
     By the 1690s many held important offices in the colonial government.
 "The Goose Creek Men" formed a political faction opposing the Lords Proprietors between 1670 and 1720. Two of them, James Moore, Sr. (d. 1706) and his son James Moore.[5][6][7]. (d. 1724) served as governor of the colony.

     They became well known for their independent and contrary ways. It is sometimes speculated by South Carolina historians that perhaps the independent attitude of our citizens is a genetic contribution of these Barbadian transplants.

     Although the area's history dates back many centuries the the city of Goose Creek was not established until 1961.

At This Spot- The Comings and Goings at Edisto's Steamboat Landing

 In the early 1890s at Steamboat Landing  Men would leave by boat to travel to the "rock mines" to work in 6'x12' pits mining phosphate rock deposits. They would leave from steamboat landing at the beginning of the week and return to the island landing at the end of the week.

After leaving Steamboat Landing the little steamer would travel a little north and east to the landing at Yonges Island.

 Travel from Steamboat Landing to Yonges Island

From Yonges Island landing the miners would catch a local train to Rantowles Station and then travel to the nearby phosphate mines.

Travel from Yonges Island to Rantowles Station

Steamboat landing

 Pilot Boy and Mary Draper carried passengers from steamboat landing at Edisto Island, then to Charleston, men bought fabric,furniture and other items for their homes on Edisto. Pg 52


The Steamer "Pilot Boy" at Steamboat Landing

The Stevens Line of Yonges Island operated the Mary Draper a steamer that carried mail between Edisto and Charleston via stops at Rockville, White  Point at Slanns Island and then to Yonges Island. After retirement the steamer would be activated to carry Edistonians to the sailboat races at Rockville.
Pg 81

The Mary Draper ...of The Stevens Line

Reference:
Edisto Island. A Family Affair
Amy S. Conner and Sheila L. Beardsley


February 11th 1862 the side-wheeler steamer Atlantic a transatlantic liner disembarked the 47th New York regiment at Steamboat landing and set up a headquarters at Point of Pines. About February 15th Company G of the First Massachusetts arrived and then March 6th the Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Infantry arrived setting up a camp at Bailey's Plantation near Point of Pines wharf.
Pg. 24

From the Civil War to as late as 1920 the main wharf of Edisto became Steamboat landing. it had moved from the Point of Pines wharf. Inter-island steamers would carry people, mail and cargo between  Yonges Island, Rockville and Edisto. The Mary Draper was the steamer and it made the round trip every day.

Sometime around 1906 the inter island steamer " Marion" sank. It was later rebuilt and renamed the "Islander"

1914 the 4 Model T automobiles on Edisto Island ran on Naptha and this fuel was delivered at steamboat landing in 55 gal. drums.




Reference:
Edisto Island  1861-2006.  Ruin, Recovery and Rebirth
Charles Spencer


Reference:
And I'm Glad- An Oral History of Edisto Island
by Nick Lindsay and Julia Cart page 93

At This Spot- Jeremey Inlet

     Lena Williams, a slave born and raised on Seaside Plantation (near Eddingsvill Beach) related (1) that in order to free the slaves, the Yankee army gathered up the slaves from a number of plantations and transported them to Beaufort and then laid waste to the properties.
     At Beaufort however, no provision had been made to feed these people and extreme hunger and hardship prevailed.
     Left to their own devices, a number of slave "marauders" then started to scavenge the sea islands for animals and food stuffs.
     About 1862, two boats (bateauxs) about 20 feet long with simple sail and poles (no oars) attempted to land on Edingsville Beach in the midst of a storm.
The boats broached and spilled the occupants into the sea. These drowning victims washed up on the beach days later and were buried by a small tree on the side of Jeremy Inlet.

Jeremy Inlet just north of Edisto State Park

Reference:
(1)  And I'm Glad.. An Oral History of Edisto Island  (page 75)
by Nick Lindsay and Julia Cart

Sketch of Paul Grimball ...

                        Paul Grimball Esq. of Edisto Island
                                 1640-1695

     Following Cromwell's death in England, Anthony Ashley Cooper and others were of crucial importance in returning Charles II to the throne (1660). In appreciation, Charles II granted 8 men (the Lord's Proprietors) land grants in the Carolina colony.

     Paul Grimball was an enterprising man in England, attributed to be a merchant, who through applications to Lord Shaftesbury ( Ashley Cooper )obtained a land grant in the Carolina province.

     This provisional grant, issued on April 10, 1861, would provide him 3000 acres of land to settle on the Ashley River. Successful completion of this grant would involve achieving the goal of bringing over 40 people to the colony. According to the Fundamental Constitutions of the Carolina province, to be lord of this 3000 acre manor the task must be completed in 5 years; unfortunately Grimball's commission did not arrive before the grant expired but with those he did bring to the colony he had a good start on qualifying for a 1600 acre grant of land.
His arrival in Charleston (February 1682) was occupied at first with presenting his credentials and getting his family placed.

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His choice however was obtain and construct a home on  1600 acres at "Point of Pines" on Edisto Island. This was a most advantageous location on the North Edisto River with easy access to the Atlantic Ocean and inter coastal waterways to Charlesto and Port Royal.


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View Larger Map



This made him one of the first English settlers on Edisto Island.     Within a few months the governor and other proprietors deputies appointed Grimball as one of the four assistant justices for the newly created Berkeley County Court. It was said of Grimball that he was a hysterically funny man in the company of others, honest, hot and martial and inclined to "the love of a penny". He enjoyed his home on Edisto and only maintained a room in Charleston in the service of duties to the government.

     Paul Grimball Esq. functioned as a public servant in the midst of troubled times and its these, troubling issues, that make his life so interesting.
     Grimball was an English merchant who amassed great wealth and political connections before being appointed by the Lord's Proprietors. His background begs the question; Why would a man so comfortably placed in England choose to move his wife Mary Stoney and five children to an unsettled land with virtually no governmental system in place. I believe the answer lies in his ambitious, perfectionist personality which can be seen in his financial dealings and his record keeping as a colony office holder. By 1684 Grimball was appointed as a deputy secretary of the colony, and later records show him taking the oath of office as a provincial officer  on 6 October 1685 becoming colony secretary in 1686.

     Troubled times in the colony occurred as a result of several sets of issues that rested in the opinions of two different groups of colonists. Those immigrants from Barbados, settling in the Goose Creek area (the Goose Creek Men) and the Anglican immigrants from England (the Dissenters).
     The Barbadians practised trade with pirates and in trading slaves (Indian) and fought any land reforms as coming from proprietors who the Goose Creeh men believed were out of touch with local issues.
     The Dissenters were against Indian slave trade and were loyal to the interests of the proprietors and the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina. Paul Grimball fell into this category as an appointee and official of the proprietary colony. He would serve under several colonial governors.

     On Tuesday Aug 24 1686 Senior Allexander, Spaniard from St. Augustine, along with soldiers and arrived at "Point of Pines" and stayed 5 days while destroying (spoiling 3 houses on the property) Grimball's house , cattle and household goods at his home on Edisto. The Spaniards also destroyed Governor Joseph Morton's home at Toogoodoo, destroyed Stuart Town and had attacked Port Royal. They were on their way to Charleston when a hurricane drove them back to a hasty retreat.
     It seems that the Spanish must have had very good intelligence in that they knew where the governor and the colonial secretary lived.

    Governor James Colleton, youngest son of the three John Colleton sons arrived in November 1686 just in time to quell a planned revenge attack on the Spanish at Saint Augustine.

     Jul 1687  Grimball became a member of the committee to consider modification of the Fundamental Constitutions.This constitution, originally written by John Locke and modified by Anthony Ashley Cooper in 1699 and 1670, became one of the contentious issues in the Carolina colony. At issue were the rights of the settlers versus the rights of the absentee proprietors. Further modifications in Jan 1682 and again in August 1682 continued to cause dissension  as it centered on land grants, quit rents, Indian slave trade and trade with pirates.

     10 Oct 1687 The Lord's Proprietors appoint Paul Grimball as their "Receiver Generall and Escheator for the parts of the Carolina province south of Cape Fear. An Escheator was an officer in charge of rendering vacated lands back to the feudal lord or barring that the Crown.

     1688  Feb 13 Appointed Secretary of the Province and served to Oct 15 1690. Among other duties the management of the proper survey and recording of property transactions in the colony which was of major importance as the rents and funds of purchase were to be distributed to the proprietors and apportioned to the running of provincial government.
     The Goose Creek men and Dissenters were still at odds in the summer of 1690 over the issue of trade in Indian slaves as well as with trading with pirates. Paul Grimball was supportive of Governor James Colleton as Colleton tried to impose martial law to prevent this illicit activity. Unfortunately an unscrupulous Seth Sothel had purchased the Clarendon proprietorship, and therefore senior to the sitting governor, took over the government by deposing Colleton and subsequently jailing Grimball. Sothel replaced secretary Grimball with George Muschamp.

     1690  Oct 18  Arriving too late to be effective the Proprietors instructions direct James Colleton and Paul Grimball and others of their trustees to sell grants of non- town lands no greater than 6000 acres at one shilling apiece with Paul Grimball to be their designated receiver of funds which would then be forwarded to England.

     1692 April 9  Following the overtaking of government by Sothel the proprietors determined to replace Sothel and sent Philip Ludwell as governor and to reinstate Grimball as colony secretary. This appointment authorized him to be present at all meetings of the Palentine Court and grand council, keeping an exact record of their acts and orders, to receive from the surveyor Generall all land surveys and conveyances and to draw up all leases and conveyances as the Proprietors direct and keep accurate records. As a result of his positions in government his name appears many times in public documents as either the official or witness on behalf of the province. Shortly after his reinstatement he purchased land on the south side of the Ashley and is listed, "29 May 1692 Paul Grimball (Merchant)  purchases 130 acres for 50 pounds sterling from Samuell Boswood (Taylor)".

13 Dec 1695 being in ill health and aged Grimball filed his last will and testament. He was extended some courtesies by Governor Archdale allowing a deputy to assist him while Grimball remained at his beloved Edisto. He served until his death in Feb 1696


20 Feb 1696  Last Will proved before Thomas Cary Secretary

He had five children who married well and whose sir names became a part of Edisto history even to this day.

Daughter: Anne married Christopher Linkley

Daughter: Mary married John Hamilton (Hamilton served as Deputy Secretary
                  to Paul Grimball)

Daughter: Providence married Lawrence Dennis

Son: John married and left wife and children in England

Son: Thomas married Elizabeth Adams

Watts Cut

Watts Cut


In 1925 Congress authorized the widening of the Watts Cut connection of the Dawhoo River to the South Edisto River.This work was a dredging operation to widen the waterway to 75 feet and to a depth of 7 feet. All this in an effort to increase the usefulness of the intercoastal waterway. Watts Cut begins about 1 1/2 miles west of the Dawhoo Bridge and extends about 2 more miles to the South Edisto. Later this connection was widened to 90 feet and a depth of 12 feet. Several engagements of Union and Rebel forces occured here and on Jehossee Island near the Cut.


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Origins of Sea Island Cotton

     Sea Island Cotton is a high quality fiber with a comparatively long staple of 1 1/2' to 2 1/2 " and having a "silky " texture to the touch. First detectable in 4200 BC on the coast of Peru and grown predominately in South America till 1000 CE. From there it moved to the West Indies and specifically Barbados where the British fabric trade grew and valued it highly.
     When the English plantation owners began to run out of land to expand on Barbados, they transported it with slaves to the coastal islands of South Carolina and Georgia and began to grow it on Edisto Island.
     On the island the crop found perfect conditions , full sun, high humidity, perfect soil conditions and plentiful rain for growth. It soon became the the most financially rewarding crop on the island supplanting Indigo , a bluish dye previously favored in England. From this production the cotton became known as Sea Island Cotton a name known today for its high quality and cost.
     The boll weevil came across the south starting about 1916 and by 1919 the cotton crop was a thing of the past.

Crossing the Dawhoo -- The Dawhoo Bridge

Since colonial times a private ferry operated at the narrows of Dawhoo River. It was not heavily used since there were two alternate elevated causeways. These causeways were barely elevated above the tidal marsh. They would flood at high tide and were rough, dangerous and frequently washed out in minor storms.

November 7 1861 the Union forces captured Port Royal. As a result the Confederate forces ordered that Edisto Island be evacuated of its inhabitants and all resources of possible use to the Union army be destroyed. This order came on November 9 and several steamers were sent to render assistance at the ferry landing at Dawhoo Creek. In addition, barges were detached to the Dawhoo ferry site to permit about 2000 island cattle to be crossed and taken to Adams Run to feed the confederate encampment there.

During the next year shallow draft steamers and flat boats were used to patrol the Dawhoo in the prosecution of the war effort.

Once again in 1893 the Dawhoo ferry and other steamers were used to aid the evacuation of the island prior to the hurricane that destroyed the beach village of Edingsville. The steamer and ferry effort was insufficient to the task before the storm.

Lessons learned from the storm motivated about 30 planters in 1898 to petition for a bridge to be built to cross the Dawhoo at Pinebury. Twenty years later in 1918 a one lane bridge was authorized and completed in 1920 at the old ferry location. This bridge was an all-wood construction swing span bridge with the exception of the steel draw purchased second hand from a Georgia railroad application.

The draw was a hand crank operation requiring the operator to walk in a large circle pushing through reduction gearing in order to turn the bridge. The bridge itself had no brake mechanism and would require a great effort to position it against a strong wind.

The bridge operator would keep a close ear and sharp eye to the river traffic. Whenever a boat would approach and sound three blasts of the horn the operator would open the bridge to allow the boat to pass. He would then record the time of passage, boat name, homeport and type of vessel along with any towed vessels. Typically the boatman would give a big wave, as he would pass by. This record was kept to enable the last known location to be established should the vessel go missing.

The bridge has been condemned several times for heavy traffic. It was built in 1918 to connect Edisto Island to the mainland and is the only bridge access to the island. It was constructed completely out of wood with only the draw portion being of steel. The draw had previously seen service as a railroad bridge draw. The draw would provide a clearance of 60 feet. Since it was not constructed with federal road money the government was struggling for a reason to supply repair funds since the state of SC had failed to include it in a post war aid package for state highways.Lions Club Members asked Sen. Burnet R. Maybank (D SC) to investigate. He replied with letters to the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads.

Dec 29 1951 The Charleston News and Courier headline read, “Edisto Islanders May have to wait on the Dawhoo Bridge”. Islanders may have to “Rock” along on the old wooden bridge across the Dawhoo River for a while longer.

Subsequently a second bridge was completed in 1954 re-using the old railroad draw but now electrified with a 220 Volt motor. To the consternation of a few of the islanders the bridge would often get stuck in the open position and cause travel delays.

In 1993 for the cost of 16.5 million dollars a new bridge was constructed across the Dawhoo giving a clearance of 80 feet to inland waterway traffic. It was named in honor of Rev. McKinley Washington Jr., a local state senator and civil rights leader who was instrumental in obtaining monies for the new bridge.

Credit to :  http://www.calgriffin.com/Edisto_Big_Bridge/page_2340968.html

McConkey's Island

Edisto Beach History

     Edisto Island is an island south of Charleston, South Carolina that has changed more slowly than other beach developments over the years, maintaining a family atmosphere and laid back attitude in its commercial development.
     Edisto Beach, earlier known as McConkeys Island was purchased by 6 Sumter Investors in 1925, who were enthusiastic about the coastal development occurring in Florida and in Myrtle Beach.
     They purchased the 4 1/2 miles of coastal beach from Jeremy Inlet.... the northern most part of Edisto Beach State Park , south down to Bay Point and around into St Helena Sound for 1 1/2 miles.They paid $60,000 for the entire beach and intended to sell beach front lots of 75x125 feet for $1000.
     It was all a second growth maritime forest and the locals said it was a jungle (thus the future name of Jungle Road. An Orangeburg construction investor traded cutting a road and covering it with black soil for 32 lots on the beach front. This was initially named McConkey boulevard became Palmetto Blvd.

For further reading see:  Edisto Island, 1861 to 2006: Ruin, Recovery and Rebirth - Google Books Result Charles Spencer - 2008 - History - 224 pages